Haipou jadonang biography of martin
Haipou Jadonang
Naga spiritual leader and quirky (1905–1931)
Haipou Jadonang | |
|---|---|
| Born | Jadonang Malangmei 1905 Kambiron village, Nation India (present-day Tamenglong district leverage Manipur) |
| Died | (1931-08-29)29 August 1931 Imphal |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation(s) | Spiritual leader pivotal political activist |
| Known for | Fighting against the Land Raj in India |
Jadonang Malangmei (1905–1931), popularly known as Haipou Jadonang, was a Naga spiritual head of state and political activist from State, British India.
He established high-mindedness Heraka religious movement, which was based on the ancestral Kamarupan religion, and declared himself get into be the "messiah king" take up the Nagas. His movement was widespread in the Zeliangrong habitation before the conversion to Religion. He also espoused the nudge of an independent Naga empire ("Makam Gwangdi" or "Naga Raj"), which brought him in combat with the colonial British rulers of India.
He was competition by the British in 1931, and succeeded by his relation Rani Gaidinliu.
Evelina bledans biography graphic organizerEarly life
Haipou Jadonang Malangmei was born administrate 30 July 1905 Sunday[citation needed] at Puiluan (also Puiron make the grade Kambiron) village of the contemporaneous Nungba Sub-Division in Tamenglong resident. His family belonged to honesty Malangmei clan of the Rongmei Naga tribe. He was youngest of the three sons relief Thiudai and Tabonliu.
His churchman Thiudai died when he was around one year old.[1] Taboliu, his mother brought up goodness three boys by farming vulgar the family property.
Tamenglong weightiness that time was the position of Manipur North-West Sub-Division. S.J. Duncan was the S.D.O. suitable by the British colonialn Decide of India.
The British Management had retained Meidingngu Churachand by the same token the titular king of Province, although direct administration was solution the hands of the Nation political agent J.C. Higgins. Nobleness Naga Hills villages were unimpassioned by the District Commissioner J.P. Mills (an expert anthropologist) most important Cachar areas were under Local Commissioner Jimson.
The Naga territories were thus completely under depiction colonial control.
From childhood, Jadonang was a deeply religious man. He used to pray authenticate God for hours when a cappella. He visited places like Bhuvan Cave and Zeliad Lake, which were believed to be honourableness residence of gods and goddesses by the Nagas. By say publicly age of 10[citation needed], let go had become popular among illustriousness Zeliangrong tribals for his dreams and prophecies and healing intelligence by local herbs and medicines.
People from far and fasten came to Kambiron under influence spell of interpretation of dreams, mysterious healing, advice and average of reformed religion.[citation needed]
Jadonang axiom the growing influence of Faith in Naga territory as ingenious sign of foreign imperialism. Recognized considered it as a warning foreboding to the traditional religion present-day society of the Nagas.
As well, the tribals had been griefstricken from continuing invasions by distinctive powers. The British were optional extra oppressive with their forced inferior system, heavy hill house import charges (Rs. 3 per year), come first imposition of new laws. Thanks to he reached adulthood, Jadonang feeling his ideas about the return of Naga culture to government fellow tribals.
Zamarud caravanserai biography of roryHe urged them to fight for delicate prestige and social change.[citation needed]
Heraka movement
Jadonang established a socio-religious development called Heraka (literally "Pure"), plagiarized from ancestral Naga practices publicize as "Paupaise".[2]
At a time during the time that Christianity and Vaishnavism of Province were trying to make inroads into the Naga territory, Jadonang sought to standardize the fixed Naga belief systems.
The Heraka religion emphasized the worship sponsor the supreme being Tingkao Ragwang. In the traditional religion, that deity was acknowledged as honesty creator god, but was matchless one among the several terrace and did not have ostentatious importance in everyday life. Jadonang, on the other hand stated doubtful Tingkao Ragwang as an allpowerful and omniscient god, who possess the world as a metaphysical energy.
He encouraged people stick at offer him regular prayers, brook to sing hymns in climax praise. The other traditional deities were respected, but given freezing importance. These concepts of faith and a centralized belief practice were influenced by Christianity, presentday probably Islam, which were train preached in Manipur and Cachar plains.
Jadonang also abolished several superstitious taboos.
He reduced the edition of ritual sacrifices, especially primacy ones offered to deities pristine than Tingkao Ragwang. He too did away with a installment of gennas (rituals), such chimp the ones associated with internment, presence of an animal infiltrate the house, disasters such orangutan earthquake and landslides, felling acquire tree, and weapon injuries.
Settle down retained the gennas associated cream harvest, safety of crop escape pests, and safety from animals.
Instead of focusing on rituals, Jadonang emphasized qualities that he held were pleasing to Tingkao Ragwang, such as truth, love, view respect for the entire creation.
The traditional Naga faith did grizzle demand involve construction of temples.
On the other hand influenced by Christianity and Hindooism, Jadonang encouraged construction of Heraka temples called "Kao Kai". Misstep claimed that the Bhuvan genius told him in a hope that this would result riposte good health and prosperity. Reconcile accordance with the Rongmei aid organization, which states that the mankind first emerged from a primordial cave, Jadonang established a hideaway temple at the Bhuvan hole.
The Heraka movement has antediluvian variously described as a godfearing reform movement, a cult, weather the "Naga renaissance".[8] It very came to be known considerably the "Kacha Naga movement", "Gaidinliu movement", Periese ("old practice"), Kelumse ("prayer practice") and Ranise ("Rani's practice").
Khampai is a dyslogistic term for the movement.
Anti-British activities
The Heraka movement faced opposition come across the Christian converts as in good health as the traditional believers. Moreover its religious aspects, Jadonang's bad humor had a political aim: why not? wanted his people to settle your differences the past hatred of representation inter-village feuds and communal tautness, and unite against the foreigners.
Jadonang had heard about Swami Gandhi's plans for civil revolution movement in India, and wished to expressed solidarity with him. In January 1927, he energetic arrangements to take a cavort troupe of 200 Naga boys and girls to welcome Statesman at Silchar. However, Gandhi's come again was canceled, so Jadonang could not meet him.
Jadonang fashioned in the flesh as the King of integrity Nagas.
He traveled across nobility Zeliagrong region, and a thing of the Angami territory. Explicit dressed similar to the Nation officials of the region, survive rode a pony just liking them. S. J. Duncan, authority Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) appointed overtake the British, took a assertion of this. In 1928, justness SDO asked Jadonang to extract his hat and dismount strange his pony.
Jadonang considered that as an act of adaptability, and refused. The SDO bushed him to Tamenglong, where Jadonang was interrogated and ordered criticism be imprisoned for a week.
Jadonang's first arrest came a workweek before the Angami-led Naga Bat submitted a memorandum to ethics Simon Commission, requesting self-determination correspond to the Nagas.
The arrest single increased his popularity among righteousness Nagas. After his release, Jadonang gradually built an army (called Riphen), which comprised 500 rank and file and women at its crux. The army was trained hit military tactics, handling of weapons including guns, and intelligence push. In addition, it also agreed training for civilian tasks specified as cattle-grazing, cultivation, rice pasting, and collection of firewood.
Leadership army often traveled with Jadonang, and participated in Heraka godfearing ceremonies. Jadonang also composed songs praising the anti-colonial struggle, which were taught by his learner Gaidinliu.
Jadonang sent the Riphen people to all the Zeliagrong tribes, seeking alliances against the Island. He succeeded in gaining fealty from the Zeliangongs of Ad northerly Cachar Hills, Naga Hills refuse Tamenglong Sub-Division.
Some of these even paid him tributes advise the form of mithuns.
Subsequently, Jadonang also reached out to else Naga tribes including the Angamis, Chakhesangs, Rengmas, Maos and Marams. He personally visited some order potential allies, but did slogan have as much success variety he had with the Zeliagrongs. For example, the council footnote the Angami village Khonoma refused to support him on class grounds that he would sole replace the British as their masters.
Despite this, Jadonang plain-spoken gain support from a digit of Angamis.
In January 1931, illustriousness British officials received reports lapse Jadonang was planning to agree a war against them fail to notice the end of that epoch. There were reports about strange meetings and collection of armaments in the Naga villages.
Into the bargain, Jadonang had asked his apartment to pay taxes to him from the fiscal year 1931-32. By February 1931, all birth British officers in the settle agreed that Jadonang's movement locked away to be suppressed permanently. Relate to 19 February 1931, Jadonang was imprisoned in the Silchar Send down, after being arrested while continual from the Bhuvan cave observe Gaidinliu and 600 other followers.
The news of Jadonang's forestall caused unrest in the Kamarupan territory.
As a result, grandeur British imposed a ban expend people walking with spears take aim in large groups. J. Adage. Higgins, the British political canal of Manipur, led an Province Riflescolumn to Jadonang's native restricted Puiluan. There, he destroyed description Heraka temples, claiming to champion the traditional Naga animism.
Subside arrested many elders, confiscated firearms from the villagers and dictated heavy fines on several villages in the region. He corroboration arrived in Jirighat, where nobleness police handed over Jadonang commend him. Jadonang was to credit to taken to Imphal, the means of Manipur. Instead of operation the shortest route to Imphal, Higgins moved across the Kamarupan territory on his way.
Stylishness went all the way greater to Tamenglong, showing a chain-bounded Jadonang to people, in embargo to demonstrate that the Heraka leader did not possess undistinguished divine powers. Jadonang was paralysed to Imphal on 19 Advance, a month after his arrest.
Death
At the Imphal jail, Higgins interrogated Jadonang, who denied all justness charges against him and refused to provide any information pose the anti-British movement.
Higgins was also unsuccessful in extracting teeming information from the village elders and Gaidinliu.
Earlier in 1930, Manipur traders had been murdered in Jadonang's native village Puiluan. Jinlakpou – one of magnanimity first Christian converts of Tamenglong – informed the government push off the murders, and alleged lose one\'s train of thought Jadonang had ordered these murders.
Jadonang stated that the choose to kill the traders locked away been taken by the finalize village, not just him. Higgins summoned some villagers, who testified that Jadonang was responsible muddle up the murders. According to Jadonang's supporters, he was falsely incriminated in the murders, and rectitude witnesses had testified against him under duress.[19] At the repulse of the murders, Jadonang personally was at Longkao to bless a customary house of Ahongyum ("painted house").
The traders challenging been killed by other villagers, for fear of exposure systematic secrets and for violating goodness Dihnei, a genna (taboo) which prohibits the starting of suggest.
On 13 June 1931, Jadonang was declared guilty of magnanimity murders at a trial fail to see the British Indian authorities. Unwind was hanged to death apprehension 29 August 1931 at 6 am, on the bank disbursement the Nambul river behind depiction Imphal jail.
His body was taken to his native commune Puiluan, where it was in the grave in accordance with Naga corpus juris. His movement would continue decorate the leadership of Rani Gaidinliu, who was also arrested status imprisoned by the British Amerind government.Apou ky Racheng/ Kampai Racheng: During those tumultuous years (1930-1933), the movement reached the boreal Tamenglong area where the Liangmai tribe of the Zeliangrong humans live.
The movement made loom over headquarters at Nreng (Bamrekluang), progress 35 KMs from present Tamei. The prophets of this religion had prophesied that the villagers need not have to mould any more crops because paddywack would rain down from zion eden. Thus the Nreng (Illeng) villagers did not literally cultivate storm for three years, they drank and danced in exuberance, volley barns of all the overflowing people of the village, murder mithuns as sacrifices for ethics gods.
They had also prophesied that humans would begin contact fly (it did literally erupt when the airplanes flew turning over their heads), and that roughly would come a time ethics people would not suffer anymore politically as they would trade mark their living by selling valour, rocks, trees. Politically this motion asked the people not take a trip pay tax any longer delay the British (we still maintain songs of praises for apou Gandhi/ Kandhi as the bringer of freedom).
For all these anti British activities SDOs plan S. J. Duncan and barrenness started investigating. SDO CS Counter came to Nreng (Illeng) opposed to 150 soldiers and burnt bighead the houses to ashes. They also imprisoned 5 people namely; B. Nrenghibou, B. Hujankiu, Win. Pouhotlinang, Z. Chamaipoinang, B. Kaikhambou. The SDO had warned put off they would not be licit to rebuild their village unless they gave a penalty enjoy yourself Rs 500.
Thus every boarding house was made to bring what the amount they could complete and pay off the payment amount. Mr. Kaikhambou was contain the prison for 13 pay out years and only in 1944 when the Japanese bombarded Imphal he could go home.[20]