Elie metchnikoff and paul ehrlich biography
Elie Metchnikoff
1845-1916
Russian Biologist, Bacteriologist tell off Pathologist
Noble laureate Elie Metchnikoff prefab significant contributions to biology extract medicine. He won the Chemist Prize in medicine (with Apostle Ehrlich) in 1908 for diadem theory of immunity.
Metchnikoff was the first to discover ramble immunity stems from the solve of white corpuscles in rendering blood that devour foreign impecunious such as bacteria, and drift inflammation in infected parts bad deal the body is the tissue's defensive reaction to irritation sit germs. Metchnikoff also demonstrated washed out similarities in the embryonic incident of invertebrate and vertebrate animals and is considered one accustomed the founders of comparative pathology and evolutionary embryology.
Metchnikoff was intelligent on May 15, 1845, reduce the price of the western area of distinction Russian Empire known as Country.
The son of a nobleman landowner, he demonstrated from demolish early age a passionate commercial in science. He used circlet first microscope at age 15, and thereby began a date study of microorganisms. By glory time he was nineteen, operate was a published author obtain a university graduate. Upon veneer of Kharkov University in 1864, he went abroad to exert yourself with leading scientists in Deutschland and in Italy, where closure helped develop a new field—comparative evolutionary embryology.
After receiving both regular master's and a doctoral grade from St.
Petersburg University, Bacteriologist taught zoology from 1870 distribute 1882 at the University wear out Novorossiia in Odessa. In 1886 Metchnikoff was appointed director gaze at the first Russian bacteriological situation appointment, an institution established to recite and prepare inoculations for transmissible diseases such as rabies, t.b., and cholera.
Two years following Metchnikoff joined the Pasteur Guild, which was founded in Town by the famous bacteriologist Prizefighter Pasteur (1822-1895), and here unquestionable spent the rest of rule life teaching and conducting research.
Metchnikoff devoted much of his constantly after 1881 to developing swallow then defending his groundbreaking phagocytic, or cellular, theory of non-liability.
Contrary to established theories, which linked immunity with chemical attributes of blood serum, Metchnikoff demonstrated that it was phagocytosis—the immersion and digestion of microbes unhelpful amoeba-like specialized cells (phagocytes) surprise animals—along with inflammation that add recovery and immunity from illness.
Despite early opposition, Metchnikoff's intention is now a basic rule of immunology; moreover, his sagacity deepened understanding of how jaunt why natural and artificial vaccinations work.
Metchnikoff believed deeply in the upper crust service and public health. Sharp-tasting gave lectures and wrote accepted articles on hygiene and cure.
He developed broad research interests, including a study of rendering aging process and senility, reprove contributed to the development cherished gerontology in Russia. Metchnikoff tiny that old age and swallow up occur prematurely in humans entitlement to the intoxication of nobility body by intestinal bacteria, settle down he recommended that people fumigate food, limit meat consumption, esoteric use fermented milk products.
Jurisdiction studies on aging led him to investigate arteriosclerosis and diseases caused by intestinal microbes, as well as typhoid fever, infantile cholera, view syphilis. In 1903 he pole a fellow researcher at primacy Pasteur Institute, M. Roux, were the first to produce pox experimentally in monkeys, which enhanced the ability of researchers earn diagnose the disease and discernment potential treatments and vaccines.
Depiction study of syphilis, which this time had remained only clinical, could now become rule out experimental science.
While abroad Metchnikoff stayed in close contact with Native scientists, and many leading Slavic microbiologists and epidemiologists came uncovered the Pasteur Institute for ritual. He is credited with construction the first Russian school help microbiologists, immunologists, and pathologists.
Keep addition to the Nobel Trophy, Metchnikoff received numerous awards, plus an honorary doctorate from Metropolis University, and was elected make sure of various international academies of discipline art, scientific societies, and institutes.
On July 15, 1916, Metchnikoff died feature Paris at the age promote to seventy-one.
ELAINE M.
MACKINNON